Presentation on the topic "Turgenev I.: life and creative path." Presentation on literature on the topic "I.S. Turgenev

Biography Turgenev Ivana Sergeevich (1818 – 1883)

• Ivan Sergeevich was born on October 28 (November 9) in Orel.
• Father, Sergei Nikolaevich, (1793–1834) belonged to the old noble family of the Turgenevs, known since the 15th century.
• Mother, Varvara Petrovna, (1788–1850) – nee Lutovinova, the history of her family dates back to the 17th century.

Parents.

Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev

Varvara Petrovna Lutovinova

• The future writer spent his childhood on the Spasskoye-Lutovinovo estate and estate near the city of Mtsensk, Oryol province, where the writer’s house-museum is located today.

• Turgenev's mother Varvara Petrovna ruled her “subjects” in the manner of an autocratic empress. Her favorite saying was “I want execution, I want sweetheart.” She treated her naturally good-natured and dreamy son harshly, wanting to raise him as a “real Lutovinov,” but in vain. She only wounded the boy’s heart, causing offense to those of her “subjects” to whom he had become attached (later she would become the prototype of capricious ladies in Turgenev’s stories “Mumu”, 1852; “Punin and Baburin”, 1874; etc.).

• At the same time, Varvara Petrovna was an educated woman and not alien to literary interests. She did not skimp on mentors for her sons Nikolai, Ivan and Sergei.
• From an early age, Turgenev was taken abroad, and after the family moved to Moscow in 1827, the young man was taught by the best teachers, and by the time he entered the verbal department of the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow University in 1833, he already spoke French, German, English and wrote poetry.

• In 1834 Turgenev moved to St. Petersburg University, from which he graduated in 1837.
• Turgenev’s first known literary experience dates back to this time - the romantic drama in verse “Wall” (1834, published 1913). Professor of Russian literature P.A. Pletnev found it a weak imitation of D.G. Byron, but noticed that there was “something” in the author, and published two of his poems in his Sovremennik magazine.
• In May 1837, Ivan Sergeevich went to Germany to improve in philosophy (in his Autobiography, he wrote that the main motive for leaving was hatred of serfdom, which darkened his childhood: “I could not breathe the same air, stay close to what I hated. I needed to move away from my enemy so that from my very distance I could attack him more powerfully. In my eyes, this enemy had a certain image, bore a well-known name: serfdom."
• Until 1841, he listened to lectures at the University of Berlin, where he became close to a circle of Russian students, fans of the “Hegelian system” (M.A. Bakunin, T.N. Granovsky, N.V. Stankevich, etc.). Bakunin became his close friend for a long time. Although their relationship ended in a break, Bakunin served as the prototype for Rudin in the novel of the same name.

• In May 1841, Turgenev returned to Russia, intending to teach philosophy (for this purpose, in April-May 1842 he took master's exams at St. Petersburg University). However, the department of philosophy at Moscow University, which he hoped to occupy, was closed and there were no plans to restore it.
• In 1843, after much trouble, Turgenev was enlisted in the office of the Minister of Internal Affairs, where the issue of liberating the peasants was then discussed, but the service did not go well.

• Having met the French singer Pauline Viardot in November 1843, whose love he carried throughout his life, Turgenev increasingly asked for “sick leave” and followed her abroad, and in April 1845 he finally retired and since then often began to visit Germany and France.

• In the first literary performances noticed by the public (the poems " Parasha" , 1843; "Landowner", 1845; story “Andrei Kolosov”, 1844; “Three Portraits”, 1845), the influence of M.Yu. Lermontov prevailed, although in them the image of the “environment” and its disfiguring effect on humans was brought to the fore.
• These first poems and stories by Turgenev were highly appreciated by the main ideologist of the “natural school” V.G. Belinsky, who in many ways was the “mentor” of the aspiring writer.
• Turgenev also tried his hand at drama: the plays “The Freeloader,” 1848, “The Bachelor,” 1849, “A Month in the Country,” 1850, and others were successfully performed in the theater.

• Turgenev's real fame came from small stories and essays, on which he himself did not have high hopes.
• In 1846, once again leaving abroad, he left an essay for one of the publishers of Sovremennik, I.I. Panaev Khor and Kalinich . Panaev placed it in the “Mixture” section of the magazine for 1847, accompanied by the subtitle “ From the notes of a hunter" , to incline readers to indulgence.
• Neither the author nor the publisher foresaw the success, but the success was extraordinary. Belinsky in the article “ A look at Russian literature of 1847” wrote , that in this “little play” “the author approached the people from a side from which no one had ever approached them before.”

Novels of Turgenev.

• Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev wrote 6 novels, in each of which the writer touched on pressing issues of our time:

"Rudin", 1855; “The Noble Nest”, 1858;

“On the Eve”, 1859;

"Fathers and Sons", 1861;

"Smoke", 1867;

"Nov", 1876).

• Turgenev's "Swan Song" became " Poems in prose" , created by him in the last years of his life (the first part appeared in 1882; the second was not published during his lifetime).
• This lyrical cycle is framed by poems about Russia - “ Village" and "Russian language".
• The last time Turgenev visited Russia was in 1881 and, as if sensing that this was his last visit, he visited his native Spasskoye-Lutovinovo. His last words, spoken before his death on August 22 (September 3), 1883 in Bougival in the south of France, were addressed to the Oryol forests: “Farewell, my dears...”

• In later years, Turgenev received European recognition.
• His literary interests were now largely connected with Europe. He communicates closely with leading French writers - G. Flaubert, J. Sand, E. Zola, etc.; in 1878, together with V. Hugo, he chaired the international literary congress in Paris; receives the title of honorary professor at Oxford University and many other flattering attentions.
• He translates Flaubert's stories into Russian and recommends Russian authors for translations into European languages.

• Turgenev's visits to Russia in 1878 - 1881 were true triumphs.
• The news of his serious illness struck everyone all the more painfully. Turgenev died courageously, with full awareness of the approaching end, but without any fear of it. This happened at Bougival, near Paris, on August 22, 1883.
• The body of the great writer was, according to his wishes, brought to St. Petersburg and buried in the Volkov cemetery in front of such a crowd of people, which had never before or since been present at the funeral of a private person.

Monument at Turgenev's grave.

State educational institution secondary school No. 5 in Bogotol

Krasnoyarsk Territory

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Literature lesson in 10th grade

Life and work of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev

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Ivan Sergeevich TURGENEV (1818-1883)

“Great, beautiful and kind...

mind, heart and appearance",

– Ludwig Pietsch.

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Writer's parents

Mother Varvara Petrovna Father Sergei Nikolaevich

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Spasskoye-Lutovinovo is located several miles from Mtsensk, the district city of the Oryol province. A huge manorial estate in a birch grove, with a horseshoe-shaped estate, with a church opposite, with a house of forty rooms.

The true “cradle” turned out to be Spasskoye. They lived an idle, satisfying life, but without elegance. They organized balls and masquerades. It had its own orchestra, its own serf troupe. Turgenev's childhood could have been golden, but it wasn't. The mother turned out to be too harsh. She loved her son very much and tormented her very much. In the same house, the future writer was flogged almost every day, for every little thing, for every trifle.

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Spasskoye was at that time a real lordly estate. Wide, long alleys of gigantic linden and birch trees led from different sides to the master's estate... behind the house stretched a luxurious garden.

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Adolescence and youth.

In 1827, the Turgenevs moved to Moscow. Turgenev studies at the university in Moscow, then his father transfers him to St. Petersburg. It was more convenient to live there with my brother, who joined the Guards Artillery. On October 30, my father died at the age of 41.

At the university he saw Pushkin for the first time.

He graduated from the university successfully, so he was offered to stay with him. But, having gone on vacation to Spasskoye, I was so carried away by hunting that I didn’t write my dissertation.

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Foreign lands 1837-1840 In May, Varvara Petrovna took her son abroad to Berlin to continue his studies. There he thoroughly studied science, listened to Latin antiquities... the history of Greek literature, and crammed Latin and Greek grammar at home. Here he met wonderful Russian people who influenced him. These are Stankevich, Granovsky, Bakunin. At the end of 1839 he visited St. Petersburg, and at the beginning of 1840 he was in Italy

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In Russia.1841-1843. He returned to his homeland. In the summer he lived in Spassky, in the winter in Moscow with his mother. In 1843 he wrote the poem “Parasha”, the first thing that attracted attention to him.

Viardot 1843-1847. Pauline Viardot was the daughter of the famous Spanish tenor Manuel Garcia. She knew the theater from childhood and began performing early. She was invited to the Italian Opera. In 1841, she married the director of this opera, Louis Viardot, he was 20 years older than her, a little-known man, the husband of a celebrity. In St. Petersburg, the singer opened the tour with “The Barber of Seville” and was a stunning success. Turgenev met her and fell in love with her. In 1845 he left for Paris because of her.

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Pauline Viardot

She was not only

a wonderful singer, but also

charming woman, widely

educated person and

an interesting conversationalist.

By the time I met

Turgenev named after Pauline Viardot

enjoyed enormous

Popular in Europe.

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France 1847-1850 Annenkov, Belinsky, Turgenev.

Berlin, London P. Viardot

1847-1849 Courtavenel - Viardot's estate 60 km from Paris. "Notes of a Hunter." Under the wing of Viardot he wrote a fifth of his work, and worked for 40 years. Meetings with wonderful people J. Sand, P. Mérimée, Chopin, Gounod. Lived in the air of high culture.

In the spring of 1850 he left for Russia for 6 years.

Mother's death

Introduction to Gogol and an article about him.

Arrest. "Mumu" 18 was released to Spasskoye.

1852-55 Hunting in Spassky

1853 autumn fell from grace. Correspondence with Viardot stopped.

1855 "Rudin"

1856 France. Meeting with Viardot.

1857 Paris, London, Germany

Italy. Rome "Nobles' Nest"

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I.S. Turgenev is a passionate lover

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1860-1861 Westernism Novel “On the Eve”

Childhood According to his father, Turgenev belonged to the ancient
noble family, mother, nee Lutovinova, rich
landowner; held on her estate Spasskoye-Lutovinovo
the childhood years of the future writer, who learned early
feel nature subtly and hate serfdom
right.
In 1827 the family moved to Moscow; first Turgenev
studied in private boarding schools and with good family
teachers.
Then, in 1833, he entered the verbal department
Moscow University, in 1834 switched to
Faculty of History and Philology, St. Petersburg University.

Years of education.

In May 1838 Turgenev went to Germany.
Until August 1839 Turgenev lived in Berlin, listened
lectures at the university, studies classical languages,
writes poems.
After a short stay in Russia in January 1840
goes to Italy, but from May 1840 to May 1841 he is again in
Berlin, where he met M. A. Bakunin.
Arriving in Russia, he visits the Bakunin estate
Premukhino, gets along with this family: a romance soon begins
with T. A. Bakunina, which does not interfere with communication with the seamstress A. E.
Ivanova (in 1842 she would give birth to Turgenev’s daughter Pelageya). IN
January 1843 Turgenev enters service in the Ministry
internal affairs.

November 1, 1843 Turgenev meets the singer
Pauline Viardot (Viardot-Garcia), love for whom
will largely determine the external course of his life.
In May 1845 Turgenev retired. At first
1847 to June 1850 he lives abroad (in
Germany, France; Turgenev witness
French Revolution 1848): takes care of the sick
Belinsky during his travels.

Along with stories about
past and "mysterious"
stories in recent years
life Turgenev addresses
memoirs (“Literary
and everyday memories")
and “Poems in Prose”,
where are presented almost
all the main themes of it
creativity, but summing up
results seem to be happening
in the presence of someone nearby
of death.
Death was preceded by
more than a year and a half
painful illness (cancer
spinal cord). Funeral in
Petersburg resulted in
mass manifestation.

The story "Mu-mu"

In one of the remote
streets of Moscow, in gray
house with whites
columns, mezzanine and
crooked
balcony, I once lived
lady, widow,
surrounded
numerous
servants. Her sons
served in St. Petersburg,
daughters married;
she rarely went out and
lived in solitude
last years of his
stingy and bored
old age. Her day
sad and
rainy, long ago
passed; but also her evening
was blacker than night.

Draw
verbal
portrait of a lady

...But Gerasim was brought to
Moscow, bought him boots, sewed them
caftan for summer, sheepskin coat for winter, dali
into his hands a broom and a shovel and
They assigned him as a janitor.
He didn't like it very much at first
his new life. Since childhood he was used to
to field work, to village
everyday life Alienated by his misfortune
from a community of people, he grew up dumb
and mighty as a tree grows on
fertile land...

What can you say about the hero when reading these lines?

No mother cares for her child like this,
how Gerasim looked after his pet. (Dog
turned out to be a bitch.) At first she was very
weak, frail and ugly, but little by little
coped and leveled out, and eight months later,
thanks to the vigilant care of his savior,
turned into a very nice Spanish dog
breed, with long ears, bushy tail in
the shape of a pipe and large expressive eyes.
She became passionately attached to Gerasim and did not lag behind
not a step away from him, she kept following him, wagging
tail. He gave her a nickname - the dumb ones know that
their moo attracts the attention of others, - he
called her Mu-mu.

Why did Lady Mu-mu dislike? Why?

The lady began in a gentle voice
call to you. Mu-mu, not yet old
been in such magnificent chambers,
I was very frightened and rushed to
door, but pushed away by the helpful
Stepan, trembled and pressed against
wall.

And Gerasim rowed and rowed. It's already Moscow
stayed back. They've already stretched along the banks
meadows, vegetable gardens, fields, groves, huts appeared.
There was a whiff of the village. He threw down the oars and ducked down
head to Mu-mu, who was sitting in front of him on
dry crossbar - the bottom was filled with water - and
remained motionless, crossing his powerful arms
on her back, while the boat is waved
Little by little it drifted back towards the city. Finally
Gerasim straightened up hastily, with some
painful anger on the face, enveloped
he took the bricks with a rope, attached a noose,
put it around Mu-mu's neck, raised it above the river,
looked at her for the last time... She trustingly
and looked at him without fear and waved slightly
tail. He turned away, closed his eyes and unclenched
hands...

Think about it, who drowned Mu-mu?

1. Gerasim?
2. Lady?
3. Stepan, conveying the lady’s order?
4. Political situation?
5. Public opinion?
6. I.S. Turgenev?
Why do you think so, justify your answer.

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Turgenev Ivan SERGEEVICH

biography

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Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich (1818, Oryol - 1883, Bougival, France) - famous Russian writer. Born on October 28, 1818 in Orel. It is difficult to imagine a greater contrast than the general spiritual appearance of Turgenev and the environment from which he directly emerged. His father, Sergei Nikolaevich, a retired cuirassier colonel, was a remarkably handsome man, insignificant in his moral and mental qualities. mother, nee Lutovinova, a wealthy landowner; On her estate, Spasskoye-Lutovinovo (Mtsensk district, Oryol province), the childhood years of the future writer passed, who early learned to have a subtle sense of nature and to hate serfdom.

Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich

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In 1827 the family moved to Moscow; At first, Turgenev studied in private boarding schools and with good home teachers, then, in 1833, he entered the literature department of Moscow University, and in 1834 he transferred to the history and philology department of St. Petersburg University. One of the strongest impressions of his early youth (1833), falling in love with Princess E. L. Shakhovskaya, who was experiencing an affair with Turgenev’s father at that time, was reflected in the story “First Love” (1860).

E. L. Shakhovskaya

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In May 1838, Turgenev went to Germany (the desire to complete his education was combined with rejection of the Russian way of life, based on serfdom). Until August 1839, Turgenev lived in Berlin, attended lectures at the university, studied classical languages, wrote poetry, and communicated with T. N. Granovsky and N. V. Stankevich. After a short stay in Russia, in January 1840 he went to Italy, but from May 1840 to May 1841 he was again in Berlin. Arriving in January 1843, Turgenev entered service in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. On November 1, 1843, Turgenev meets the singer Pauline Viardot (Viardot-Garcia), whose love will largely determine the external course of his life.

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Pauline Viardot (Viardot-Garcia)

Monument to Turgenev I.S.

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Since 1847, Turgenev completely stopped writing poetry, except for a few small comic messages to friends and “ballads.” Until July 1856, Turgenev lived in Russia: in the winter, mostly in St. Petersburg, in the summer in Spassky. His immediate environment was the editorial office of Sovremennik; acquaintances took place with I. A. Goncharov, L. N. Tolstoy and A. N. Ostrovsky. “Rudin” (1856) opens a series of Turgenev’s novels, compact in volume, unfolding around a hero-ideologist, journalistically accurately capturing current socio-political issues. and, ultimately, placing “modernity” in the face of the unchanging and mysterious forces of love, art, and nature.

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In 1863, a new rapprochement between Turgenev and Pauline Viardot took place; until 1871 they live in Baden, then (at the end of the Franco-Prussian War) in Paris. Turgenev is closely associated with G. Flaubert and through him with E. and J. Goncourt, A. Daudet, E. Zola, G. de Maupassant; he assumes the function of an intermediary between Russian and Western literatures. His pan-European fame is growing: in 1878, at the international literary congress in Paris, the writer was elected vice-president; in 1879 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Oxford. Turgenev maintains contacts with Russian revolutionaries (P. L. Lavrov, G. A. Lopatin) and provides material support to emigrants.

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Turgenev's house in the Yaseni estate in Bougival

Towards the end of his life, Turgenev's fame reached its apogee both in Russia, where he again became everyone's favorite, and in Europe, where criticism, in the person of its most prominent representatives - Taine, Renan, Brandes and others - ranked him among the first writers of the century.

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Father, Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev (1793-1834), was a retired cuirassier colonel. Mother, Varvara Petrovna (before Lutovinov’s marriage) (1787-1850), came from a wealthy noble family. The family of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev came from an ancient family of Tula nobles, the Turgenevs. It is curious that the great-grandfathers were involved in the events of the time of Ivan the Terrible: names such as Ivan Vasilyevich Turgenev, who was a nursery for Ivan the Terrible (1550-1556); Dmitry Vasilyevich was a governor in Kargopol in 1589. And in the Time of Troubles, Pyotr Nikitich Turgenev was executed at Execution Ground in Moscow for denouncing False Dmitry. Until the age of 9, Ivan Turgenev lived on the hereditary estate Spasskoye-Lutovinovo, 10 km from Mtsensk, Oryol province.

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Spasskoye-Lutovinovo-family estate of the Turgenevs. The writer’s most precious childhood memory was the Spassky garden, already old and great. With it, a deep sense of nature entered the consciousness of the future writer. Even approaching the final line, Turgenev will remember him and ask in a letter to his friend Polonsky to “bow” to the garden, and with it to the Motherland...

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I.S. Turgenev in Moscow In 1827, the Turgenevs, in order to give their children an education, settled in Moscow, in a house bought on Samotyok. Ivan Sergeevich first studied at the Weidenhammer boarding school, then he was sent as a boarder to the director of the Lazarevsky Institute, Kruse. In 1833, 15-year-old Turgenev entered the literature department of Moscow University. Museum of I.S. Turgenev in Moscow.

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I.S. Turgenev in St. Petersburg. A year later he moved to St. Petersburg University to the verbal department of the Faculty of Philosophy (graduated as a candidate in 1837). T.'s first work that has come down to us is the dramatic poem "The Wall" (written in 1834, published in 1913), dedicated to a hero of a demonic nature. By the mid-30s. include T.’s early poetic experiments. The first work to see the light of day was a review of A. N. Muravyov’s book “Travel to Russian Holy Places” (1836); in 1838, T.’s first poems “Evening” and “To Venus” were published in the Sovremennik magazine Medical". Portrait of Turgenev by Pauline Viardot

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I.S. Turgenev in Germany. In 1838, Turgenev entered the University of Berlin, a temple of science that united young people passionate about knowledge. Here, in addition to studying his favorite ancient languages, Latin and Greek, Turgenev becomes acquainted with the philosophy of Schelling and Hegel. Here he became close friends with the historian T.N. Granovsky. He brought him together with N.V. Stankevich, one of the most remarkable young people in Russia.

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On the edge of someone else's nest... In 1843, I.S. Turgenev met the French singer, Pauline Viardot. A time both sweet and difficult began for him. The sweet thing was that he fell in love with her, he fell ill with her for many 40 years...

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Turgenev in France. Bougeval. The writer died in the town of Bougival near Paris on August 22 (September 3), 1883. Turgenev's body was, according to his wishes, brought to St. Petersburg and buried at the Volkovsky cemetery in front of a large crowd of people.

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Creation. “Notes of a Hunter” is a book about love for the Motherland. In each hero of the work, the writer discerned a personality with deep inner content and meaning. The novel “Rudin” was written in 1855. It opens the period of Turgenev’s widest fame...

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Creation. Work on the main novel “Fathers and Sons” was completed in July 1861. In the novel, people of the 40s and 60s of the 19th century found themselves face to face.