Improving the activities of local governments in the field of improvement. Information on completed work on comprehensive landscaping of courtyard areas and major repairs of multi-apartment residential buildings in the Airport area

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Slide captions:

Happy birthday, Smile!

The goal of the project: - to involve children and parents in labor, socially significant activities to improve the territory of the preschool institution; - instill in children a respectful attitude towards nature; - involve children, parents and kindergarten staff in practical experience in landscaping and aesthetic design; increase green areas; - interact with the structures responsible for the area (housing and communal services, residents of neighboring houses, etc.)

Project objectives: - to involve children, parents and kindergarten staff in landscaping and landscaping; - improve the quality of work on the maintenance of internal and external improvement facilities;

Project participants: - teaching staff of MBDOU “Kindergarten No. 7 “Smile”; - children of all age groups; parents; - LLC Management Company "DomKom", the administration of Lesosibirsk represented by the deputy of the City Council Oleg Vitalievich Maltsev.

Main stages of work: - conversations with children on the topic: “Kindergarten birthday”; - design of the exhibition “The History of “Smile” in Faces and Facts”; - campaign “Let’s give “Smile” flowers”; - action “Preparation of the territory for planting”; - campaign “It all starts with a seed”; - promotion “Decorations for the anniversary cake”; - the campaign “We will plant flowers of unprecedented beauty here.”

Landscape plan: 1- lawn grass; 2- low-growing phloxes; 3- salvia; 4- white alyssum; 5- nasturtium; 6- yellow marigolds; 7- cineraria; inscription – red marigolds

Flowerbed cake: Materials: fire hose, decorations made from waste material

City Council Deputy O.V. Maltsev responded to our proposal to improve the vacant lot, which is located next to the territory of our kindergarten. Part of the work was carried out by workers of DomKom Management Company LLC. This is what we got:

This is how we prepared for “Smile”’s birthday!

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Social project "Ecological and moral development of preschool children, through improvement and landscaping of the territory of the preschool educational institution"

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Astrakhan Engineering and Construction Institute

Abstract on the topic: “Territory improvement”

Completed:

Novokreshchenova I.N.

Checked:

Mamaeva Yu.V.

ASTRAKHAN 2010

Introduction

Currently, special attention is paid to the improvement and landscaping of the urban environment, as evidenced by the fundamental transition from solving purely utilitarian problems to creating a harmonious environment that has a certain aesthetic value, regardless of the size and significance of the object in the structure of the city. Here it is difficult to draw the line between architectural and design design.

Landscaping work includes:

Creating paths and paths on the site

Construction of retaining walls

Construction of sports and children's playgrounds, local parking spaces, recreation areas, utility areas

Installation of outdoor and landscape lighting systems

Installation of an automatic watering system (automatic watering)

Construction of reservoirs and water structures of various types

Landscaping is a whole range of works that allows you to change the original landscape and green the area. The landscaping process requires special knowledge and consists of several necessary stages.

The preparatory stage of improvement includes:

topographic survey of the site with reference to all existing buildings, designation of site boundaries and elevations;

soil analysis on site;

forest pathological study of existing tree plantations on the site;

diagnostics of groundwater depth;

insolation analysis of the site (lighting plan);

assessment of the location of the site relative to the cardinal points, surrounding terrain and buildings;

assessment of the improvement budget.

Based on the research obtained during the preparatory stage, as well as the wishes expressed by the owner of the site, the actual development of the improvement concept and the preparation of technical documentation for the improvement and landscaping project are carried out.

The technical documentation of the improvement project includes the following design materials:

sketch options for territory development;

drawings of the road and path network and paving;

sections of retaining walls;

site lighting diagram indicating the location of lighting fixtures, as well as cable routes;

automatic irrigation diagram indicating water sources, electrical power, load;

design and diagrams of sections of reservoirs;

design of small architectural forms (small architectural forms), children's and sports grounds, recreation areas

The first stage of landscaping work is the implementation of the project. At this stage, all design elements previously drawn on paper or computer

transferred to the site – i.e. Marking and binding of all landscaping elements is done.

After the markings have been made, all work on geoplastics (changing the terrain if necessary), construction of LAF, fences, gazebos, and outbuildings is carried out; laying underground communications, installing drainage systems, irrigation and lighting systems.

The next stage is the construction of retaining walls, laying paths, paths, parking lots, children's and sports grounds, as well as recreation areas. At the same time, construction of reservoirs takes place if they are included in improvement projects.

After installing decorative street lighting, you can proceed directly to landscaping the site - bringing in fertile soil, planting trees and shrubs, planting flower beds and flower beds, and sowing a lawn.

Technical documentation

Retaining walls

The topography of a site is one of the fundamental factors in landscape design of a garden. In the event that after construction, undesirable changes in the relief occur—slopes and ravines appear—the method of creating terraces for planting is used. Terraced areas are strengthened with the help of retaining walls, which simultaneously become elements of landscape design. Depending on the height, retaining walls can emphasize the attractiveness of the terrain, give it volume and an interesting shape. In accordance with the overall design decision, the height, style and materials are selected to create the retaining wall structure. Most often, retaining walls are made of stone, flagstone or concrete, followed by cladding with natural or artificial stone, tiles, facing bricks, wooden beams, etc.

A prerequisite for creating retaining walls is the construction of a solid foundation made of stone or crushed stone. The depth of the foundation depends on the height of the retaining wall - if the wall height is more than 1 m, the thickness of the foundation must be at least 70 cm. If the foundation thickness is insufficient, the structure will deform and collapse. When the height of a concrete retaining wall is more than 2 m, reinforcement with reinforcement is necessary.

When creating a retaining wall, the materials are secured using cement mortar. The dry masonry method is used to create stone retaining walls - the stones are stacked tightly together, and perennial plants can be planted between them. When using this method, the retaining wall should not be higher than 70 cm. When laying on cement, niches can be left between the slabs, in which hanging plants (nasturtium, peas, petunias, etc.) are subsequently planted. Retaining walls made of slate, sandstone, tiled limestone, granite or gneiss are more resistant to high humidity (Fig. 1)

Already at the stage of arranging the retaining walls, care should be taken to create gentle stairs (width - at least 50 cm), along which you can move from terrace to terrace.

When arranging retaining walls, it should be taken into account that they should not block sunlight from the plants, otherwise lawns, flower beds, fruit trees or other plants planted on the terraces will not be able to fully develop and grow. When planting a lawn on a terrace, the slopes should be reinforced with a special mesh.

Paving

Paving- covering paths, sidewalks and individual areas with hard materials, giving the site beauty and originality. Paving elements make a great contribution to the composition, with their configuration and location determining the style of the landscape project. They also carry a functional load, providing ease of movement.

Coverings can be grass, block, tile, concrete, stone, etc. Coverings can be laid on cement mortar or sand, with or without a border, islands or a continuous strip. The materials for constructing paved paths can be decorative tiles, natural stone, clinker bricks, decorative and ordinary concrete, wood, grass, concrete slabs, and ground cover plants. (Fig.2)

A natural stone- the best material, both from a practical and aesthetic point of view. This type of coverage is not cheap. For its production, numerous types of hard and soft rocks are used - labradorite, marble, granite, basalt, gabbro, limestone, sandstone and others. The variety of formats and structures, various surface treatment options and beautiful tones make it possible to install stone coverings in shady alleys and large open areas.

Concrete plates

Concrete paving slabs are a common material for covering paths. They are produced in various configurations, sizes and colors. The most common are hexagon, wave, brick, corner, fish, sheaf, brook. Concrete tiles are frost-resistant, strong, durable, suitable for both pedestrian paths and car driveways. According to the production method, vibropressed and vibrocast tiles are distinguished. Vibro-cast paving slabs are more durable, so it is advisable to use them for highway driveways. Vibropressed tiles are also suitable for walkways.

Ceramic tile

Ceramic tiles have a very attractive appearance. Its surface can be covered with glaze of different colors, which allows you to create paths with exquisite patterns. “Ceramic granite” is popular - tiles that imitate natural stone. If you move along the paths in winter, it is better to choose ceramic tiles with a corrugated surface so that it is not too slippery.

Clinker brick

This material has gained great popularity due to its ease of installation, relative cheapness and warm color shades.

Decorative concrete

This type of coating serves as a good alternative to paving slabs, ordinary concrete, and even natural stone. Decorative concrete contains special additives that make it resistant to temperature changes characteristic of the Russian climate - fiber and plasticizers. The surface of decorative concrete is resistant to ultraviolet radiation (does not fade) and mechanical damage (does not crack). Modern construction technologies make it possible to use decorative concrete to finish the basement of buildings, which makes it possible to further decorate the territory.

Decorative concrete also has disadvantages - its surface must be treated with moisture-proof solutions every year.

It must be laid by experienced specialists; violation of the technology negatively affects the strength of the coating. The price of decorative concrete is also very high - 2-3 times more expensive than paving slabs.

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Paved pavements

For paved road surfaces, it is necessary to prepare a sandy base, on which the selected material is scattered and carefully compacted. Such a path can be made from gravel, crushed stone of various fractions (lime or granite), various crumbs (marble, granite, brick), large sawdust or crushed tree bark. Since these bulk materials offer a wide range of colors and sizes, it is possible to create paths that will harmoniously fit into any style of garden.

Wood

Boardwalks built near bodies of water look organic. Old sleepers are often used, which, thanks to special impregnation, last a very long time.

Grass surfaces

The main requirements for grassy paths are deep soil preparation and ease of mowing overgrown grass. In places where cars pass, you can install a concrete lawn grid.

Other materials.

Sports area

Active recreation is the best way to relieve the stress accumulated during the work week, and for most of us it is strongly associated with a clearing on the edge of a forest, where a volleyball net is stretched between wooden poles. Or we remember backyard football competitions, in which a variety of objects served as goals, from tin cans to neighbors’ cars.

Modern sports grounds, are complex construction projects that require special qualifications from the teams involved in construction.

Depending on the purpose sports grounds can be used for basketball, hockey, football, tennis or be universally aimed at various types of exercise. There are also specialized children's sports complexes designed for fun.

Pay attention to the selected plot of land allocated for the future sports ground. It is necessary that ideally there is a slight slope of the terrain, otherwise, if you are located in a lowland or in an area of ​​high groundwater, the site will float in a couple of seasons and the coating will collapse. Follow the wind rose and try to orient your future vacation spot in the direction from south to north. The absence of high-voltage lines nearby will help you prevent many unpleasant and possibly deadly situations in the future.

The most important work is the installation of a drainage system. It's no secret that the coating sports ground must be even, otherwise the meaning of many sports competitions is lost.

In the simplest case, with conditions close to ideal, surfaces are prepared that are inclined, both in the longitudinal and transverse directions. At the same time, for a tennis court, the optimal solution to this issue would be to build a system that, when viewed from above, resembles an ordinary envelope for paper letters.

But these are ideal situations. What to do if the soil and the presence of groundwater spoil the picture. In this case, a cushion of crushed stone is poured, and drainage wells are installed along the edges, which are connected to the sewer system or storm drains.

A more expensive system involves the creation of drainage channels under the entire surface sports ground and ensures the most effective drainage of water from the protected surface.

Children's zone

Children's playgrounds are designed for different age groups (nursery - from 1 to 3 years, preschool - from 3 to 6 years and primary school age) taking into account the specific behavior of children inherent in their age.

Toddlers are less mobile, cannot play with peers, and require constant attention from adults. What interests them most is playing with sand, so sandboxes are the main element of the playground. (Fig. 3) The rest of the equipment consists of garden benches, low swings or carousels.

Complex playgrounds are the most convenient and interesting in composition; they consist of three zones: for parents with children under one year old, toddlers and preschoolers. The last two zones are isolated from each other by planning or with the help of landscaping elements (low hedges, lawns or flower beds). The area for parents is located taking into account the constant monitoring of each playground.

Playgrounds for children must be located throughout the territory in close proximity to residential buildings.

Playgrounds for preschoolers require more space. The playgrounds are divided into zones: for games with special equipment (swings, rocking chairs, various climbing devices, etc.), a sand courtyard (Fig. 4), and a bicycle riding area. In the southern regions, it is advisable to install a shallow splashing pool.

Recreational areas for adults should be varied, taking into account the interests of residents. When placing them on the territory, it is necessary to take into account the age of the users: the site for the elderly and people with health problems must be as close as possible to the exits to residential buildings, while choosing cozy and quiet places; areas designed for active communication, on the contrary, are at least 10 m away from building windows and are located outside courtyard areas.

Household area

One of the important elements of landscaping is the location and equipment of areas for drying clothes, cleaning carpets and household items, walking dogs and installing garbage bins. Buckets of household waste accumulated in houses are temporarily dumped into containers and then removed from the territory. For yard containers, special platforms with a width of 1.5 m are arranged, which are located at a distance of at least 20 m from the windows of residential buildings, sports, playgrounds and recreation areas, and also no more than 100 m from the most remote entrance to the house. They are placed near driveways as close as possible to the exit from the microdistrict and are fenced on those sides with a low wall or hedge. The sites must have a hard surface.

Areas for cleaning carpets and drying household items are provided, if necessary, equipped with metal frames, and for drying clothes - with special racks with hooks for attaching ropes. Such areas should be covered with asphalt or tiles, and along the perimeter there should be a fence in the form of a low wall or hedge, taking into account the possibility of prolonged insolation.

The dog walking area is located at a distance of at least 40 m from the windows of residential and public buildings outside courtyard areas, one for several groups of houses, fenced with a mesh fence and equipped with special devices.

Open parking lots for temporary storage of cars located at a distance of no more than 100 m from the most distant exits to residential buildings and taking into account the standardized distances to the windows of residential buildings and public buildings, areas of secondary schools and preschool institutions in accordance with SNiP “Urban Planning”

Street lighting

Street lighting is necessary for the full functioning of any populated area. And it is used not only for security purposes, but also for decorating individual architectural objects, as well as parks and squares . Installation of lighting poles allows you to increase visibility on the roads at night. In addition, lighting poles form a unique appearance of a populated area, and also provide the necessary level of safety for both pedestrians and road traffic. Lighting poles can be turned on in the evening either from the control center or manually.

Special street lamps and lamps are installed as street lighting. Street lamps are lighting poles made in the form of one shape or another, on which light sources are placed. And street lamps are special lighting devices that are used to illuminate roads, parks, public gardens, as well as special illumination of various landscape and architectural objects (Fig. 5)

One of the most common types of lighting poles are street lamps, which are mounted in a special way on lighting poles or lighting poles. This type of lamp is considered one of the most reliable and efficient due to the fact that in this case the light comes from a certain height. This means that it is able to cover a larger area and is less susceptible to various mechanical damage. Light poles include a wide variety of street lighting poles, including metal light poles, polygon poles, and others.

Now let's look at the basic designs of street lighting poles that you can find in any locality. Lighting supports are made of steel sheets three millimeters thick. The lighting column has a conical shape, which has six or eight sides. The height of lighting poles can reach four, six, eight and ten meters. At the bottom of the lighting pole there is a special hatch with a cover, which allows for installation and operation of the electrical switching device. In addition, at the bottom of the lighting pole there is always a flange with a diameter of 200 millimeters, which is designed for installation and fastening on a concrete foundation, as well as on similar devices and underground parts.

At the top, the outdoor lighting pole has a diameter of 62 millimeters. This part is intended for installing brackets with lamps. The steel structures of street lamps are hot-dip galvanized.

Includes multifaceted street lighting poles includes special brackets that are used for installing cantilever luminaires with different directions of the optical axis. The range of such brackets is constantly increasing. These brackets are made of metal pipe, the wall thickness of which is three millimeters. The outer diameter of such pipes is 48 millimeters.

Water features

Water is an integral part of almost any harmonious landscape. Its attractive power is such that even a miniature pond, fountain, artificial waterfall or spring can decorate the landscape and bring a special spirit of peace and tranquility into the landscape.

Reservoirs highlight neighboring elements of landscape design and make the overall picture more voluminous, while simultaneously correcting relief defects.

However, the role of water in landscape design is not limited to the aesthetic function. The microclimate of the site largely depends on the presence and nature of reservoirs. Water, moving or standing, increases the level of air humidity, which at any time of the year benefits both the plants of the park or garden and the people relaxing in this garden.

The main types of landscape gardening water bodies include:

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Swimming pools

Waterfalls

Sources

Ponds, streams, springs, waterfalls, as well as swamps located on the site can be either artificial or natural, while other structures are almost always artificial.

However, natural bodies of water are most often modified in order to improve their appearance and regulate flow.

Let us briefly look at the main characteristics of water bodies:

Pond- a small enclosed body of water with standing water. As a rule, a variety of aquatic vegetation is planted in the pond, and sometimes the ponds are also populated by aquatic animals - for example, ornamental and ordinary fish, mollusks, crustaceans. It is the presence of specific aquatic life that distinguishes a pond from a swimming pool.

Based on the design of the coastline, ponds are divided into two large groups - geometric and natural. Among geometric ponds in landscape design, artificial raised ponds stand out, in which the shoreline is built above the ground level, which eliminates the need to dig a pit, and also facilitates the maintenance and care of the pond.

Swamp- This is a kind of pond, densely planted with special marsh vegetation. An artificial swamp is a cross between a pond and a moist lawn.

Creek is a narrow water stream with natural or close to natural bends in the channel. In the practice of landscape design, streams of plain and mountain types are encountered. The former have a slow flow and are located on a flat surface with a minimal slope. The latter flow quickly along the surface with a large angle of inclination and can be interrupted by small waterfalls. Often, for mountain streams, a natural or artificial rocky bed is used.

Channel- an artificial water stream with flowing water, which differs from a stream in a more regular, often geometric shape of the channel.

Waterfall is a stream of water falling vertically from a height of over a meter. Several successive waterfalls or a stream with several waterfalls along the channel form a cascade. The height difference in the cascade can be relatively small. This cascade imitates natural rapids and rifts.

Fountain- an artificial structure with streams of water flowing upward. Often a fountain is a serious architectural structure with elements of garden sculpture. There are fountains with night illumination, with jets gushing from the surface of a pond or pool, as well as with other special effects.

Installation of lawn fencing

One of the most common types of metal fencing for landscaping urban areas (streets, parks, courtyards) is lawn fencing. They are designed to separate and protect lawns and other green spaces from the roadway and pedestrian paths. In addition, such fences also play an aesthetic role in shaping the appearance and serve as decoration for areas of urban areas.

Organization of a landscaping system for residential areas and neighborhoods

All green areas of residential areas and microdistricts must form a single green system with the citywide greening system.

Residential area landscaping includes plantings for general use (on main and residential streets, gardens in residential areas, public gardens, boulevards, district parks) and limited use (greening in neighborhoods, public gardens at buildings of various institutions, hospitals, etc.)

Residential area garden It is logical to bring it closer to the public center, choosing for its placement the most picturesque places with existing valuable green spaces, varied terrain and bodies of water. It is desirable that its area be at least 3 hectares within a 1000 m radius of service to the population.

Square- green area of ​​0.15 -2 hectares; placed on a square, a street intersection, or on a section of a block adjacent to a street. The layout of the park includes paths, lawns, flower beds, separate groups of trees, shrubs, artistic design elements in the form of sculptures, fountains, etc. Squares are intended for short-term recreation of the population and decorative design of squares, streets, and public buildings. (Fig. 7):

Boulevard- a linear landscaping object created along highways, embankments, residential streets in the form of a wide, preferably at least 16 m, strip of alley plantings of trees and shrubs. Designed for pedestrian traffic and short-term rest. (Fig. 8):

District parks designed to create a comfortable environment for active recreation and various types of communication; is designed taking into account the general planning structure of the area, the location of transport routes and characteristic natural conditions (the presence of reservoirs, etc.) The park is connected by green pedestrian routes with neighborhood gardens, the district center, a city-wide park, etc. The internal planning structure of the park should take into account the presence of several entrances on the territory, connected with public transport stops, and have a variety of functions, turning the park into part of the system of cultural services for the population.

Composition and placement of planning and volumetric elements inside the courtyard space

Landscaping in residential development is determined depending on the size and nature of the open spaces of residential areas. Each type and compositional method of development is characterized by its own options for architectural planning solutions and landscaping. Landscaping planning elements include areas for various purposes: for active and quiet recreation of adults and children, playgrounds, sports, utility and extended planning elements - pedestrian alleys, boulevards, recreational and walking trails, bicycle paths.

In a high-rise residential development, the formation of which is based on the microdistrict principle of organizing the territory, the presence of vast open spaces makes it possible to differentiate the creation of zones of social activity of the population, providing social, recreational, sports, health and other needs of the population, with the allocation of complex public spaces. In these territories, it is possible to use not only planning, volumetric landscaping elements, but also modeling the space using landscape architecture - creating artificial relief, ponds, large tracts of greenery, cascades of ponds, etc.

When developing an area with medium- and low-rise buildings, it is characterized by shorter distances between buildings, fragmentation of open spaces, and also in the conditions of the old urban building density, it is advisable to follow the path of forming unified functionally compatible complexes:

recreation area (short rest, quiet rest, board games);

children's playgrounds (for children of different ages: up to 3 years, 4-6 years, 7-12 years);

complex public spaces for multifunctional purposes (for all age groups of the population) are formed subject to the availability of territory and depending on the specific conditions of the site;

a utility area (for drying clothes, cleaning clothes and carpets, garbage bins);

dog walking areas;

car parking;

parking for bicycles.

The placement of sites in relation to residential buildings and other planning elements is carried out taking into account their accessibility and safe operation. The noise characteristics created by these sites are also taken into account. The size of the sites is determined by aggregated indicators per 1 resident. The calculated indicators of sites for various purposes are given in the table.

Estimated indicators of sites for various purposes

Purpose of sites

Standard area per 1 room, m

Service radius, m

Dimensions of sites, m

Minimum distance from building windows, m

Playgrounds for children aged:

from 7-12 years

Areas for quiet relaxation (including in the local area)

Sports grounds

Household sites for:

drying clothes

cleaning clothes and carpets

garbage bins

dog walking

25 s for 1000zh, 50 s for flat

parking lots

By calculation

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Small architectural forms (SAF) in residential areas

Small architectural forms are divided into 5 main groups according to their purpose:

small forms of utilitarian purposes for mass use - trash cans, benches, fences, signs, house license plates, stairs, retaining walls, etc.; (Fig.9)

small architectural forms for decorative purposes - decorative walls, trellises, fountains, gazebos, flower vases, sculptures; (Fig. 10)

small forms of gaming and physical education purposes, play elements of children's playgrounds - swings, carousels, booms, sandboxes, climbing walls, roller coasters, etc.; (Fig. 11)

small forms for recreation areas for adults - pergolas, drinking fountains, tables, etc.;

equipment for sports grounds - nets with posts, basketball backboards, hockey goals, table tennis tables, etc.; (Fig. 12)

Purpose of small architectural forms

One of the tasks of external improvement is to increase the diversity and artistic expressiveness of buildings and open green spaces. It is solved by the formation of a functional-spatial structure and subject equipment of open spaces in urban development. The originality and individuality, the co-scale of the architectural and spatial environment of the city in combination with landscaping are provided by such means of external improvement as surface treatment of the earth (geoplastics, retaining walls, stairs, ramps, etc.), planar structures (playgrounds for children, sports, recreation and etc.) and urban design.

An element of urban design that solves aesthetic, functional and utilitarian problems is small architectural forms (SAF). Their artistic qualities, careful manufacturing, appropriate placement techniques and composition influence the final result - the creation of a harmonious spatial environment, both in residential buildings and in the city as a whole. The placement of the MAF must correspond to the real life processes of the population (Fig. 13).

Compositions of small architectural forms for complex landscaping based on products made from colored architectural concrete MISS KB

Small architectural forms can emphasize the existing landscape, be architectural monuments, works of landscape art, landscape architecture and external landscaping. Small architectural forms include works of monumental and decorative art.

By means of small architectural forms, the arrangement of city streets, highways, and microdistrict territories is achieved. The composition of small architectural forms must correspond to a single plan, and only then will they be able to fully reflect the originality of historical color, natural conditions, local national traditions and fully meet their purpose. Small architectural forms used for landscaping the territory of microdistricts can be divided into the following groups.

Small architectural forms of utilitarian mass use

These include devices used by residents for practical purposes, which, being elements of urban equipment, must at the same time carry an aesthetic load (benches, trash cans, fences, signs, neighborhood maps, stairs, retaining walls, house license plates, shopping kiosks, lamps, vases for flowers and landscaping).

Small architectural forms for decorative purposes

These devices are used exclusively for aesthetic impact on humans (decorative walls, trellises for vertical gardening, decorative sculptures, swimming pools, fountains, gazebos, etc.).

There can be an infinite number of varieties of such small forms. Original works of art are installed in critical areas.

Small forms of decorative architecture should not be repeated within sight. This helps to avoid the monotony of development. Small architectural forms for decorative purposes can be varied in texture, finishing materials and color. Correct placement of decorative small forms, even in mass production, which predetermines their repetition, creates the effect of diversity, thereby enriching the architectural and artistic appearance of the microdistrict.

Small architectural forms presented in the form of sculptures can be divided into allegorical, symbolic and genre. Allegorical sculpture expresses an idea in an allegorical sense, symbolic - embodies ideas and feelings in the form of symbols, genre - characteristic scenes from life, everyday life and morals. Genre sculpture is used in residential buildings more often than other types of sculpture. To correctly place a sculpture in a city, you need to know that in modern conditions there are two scales of its perception. The first scale: perceiving the sculpture from a great distance, when it is impossible to approach and examine its details. Sculptures placed in city squares and streets are designed for this perception. It is seen most often in motion. Second scale: perception of the sculpture in close proximity, when a walking or resting person can examine it in more detail. At the second scale of perception, the sculpture can be worked out in detail. This sculpture is located in residential buildings, gardens and parks. Genre sculpture is performed in the form of bas-reliefs on retaining and decorative walls, sculptural images of animals, and sometimes humans. The size of the sculpture should be 17...20% larger or smaller than human height, then the sculpture will look quite monumental. The pedestal for the human figures is chosen at such a height that visitors do not look down at the sculpture. The head of the person depicted should be at or above the eyes of passers-by. Decorative sculpture emphasizes the overall planning solution; it must be compositionally linked to the environment. In this case, the layout is created taking into account the placement of the sculpture. The landscape of the microdistrict is greatly enriched with artificial reservoirs in the form of fountains, splashing pools with individual shapes, construction of bridges, dams, etc. Based on their design, fountains are divided into jet and sculptural. Jet fountains decorate the surrounding landscape with the play of water jets, which create a decorative effect. Sculptural fountains are created with sculpture or decorative elements over which water flows. The shape of decorative elements - vases, shells, bowls - determines the pattern of falling water. The water level in fountains and pools should not exceed the level of adjacent areas. Small architectural forms for recreation areas, games and physical education. These devices are used in neighborhoods as equipment for adults and children's recreation areas, for games and physical education - benches, tables, swings, carousels, booms, climbing walls, sandboxes, pyramids, splashing pools, vines, roller coasters, etc. (Fig. 2). Many of them are mass produced. To make children's play devices, metal and reinforced concrete pipes, wood, and stones are used. The use of natural materials to create play tunnels, fortresses, and labyrinths develops interest in learning about nature.

Introduction

Technical documentation

Retaining walls

Other materials

Sports area

Children's zone

Household area

Parking lots

Street lighting

Water features

Installation of lawn fencing

Organization of a system of green neighborhoods

Composition and placement of planning and volumetric elements inside the courtyard space

Small architectural forms

Purpose of the MAF

All information was taken from the Internet and educational manuals.

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Novokuznetsk Institute (branch) of the federal state budgetary
educational institution of higher education
"Kemerovo State University"
IMPROVING THE ACTIVITIES OF LOCAL BODIES
SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE FIELD OF IMPROVEMENT (BY EXAMPLE
KUZNETSKY DISTRICT OF NOVOKUZNETSK)
Danilov D. A.,
student gr. GMM-12-2
Scientific director
Ph.D. ped. sciences,
Associate Professor Malkovets N.V.
Novokuznetsk 2016

Relevance

RELEVANCE
Landscaping is an important area of ​​activity
municipal
farms,
favorable conditions for
V
which
are being created
life of the population in cities,
areas, neighborhoods, microdistricts.
Creating a favorable living environment
is the main goal of urban planning policy,
carried out within residential areas by authorities
state
authorities
Russian
Federations,
individual subjects of the Russian Federation and bodies
local government.
2

The purpose of the study is to develop measures to
improving the activities of local authorities

The object of study is the sphere of improvement.
Item
–
activity
organs
local
self-government in the field of improvement.
3

Job Objectives

OBJECTIVES OF THE WORK
1.
Study theoretical and regulatory frameworks
landscaping of the territory.
2.
Explore experience in the field of landscaping.
3.
Analyze
activity
organs
local
self-government in the sphere of improvement of Kuznetsk
district of Novokuznetsk.
4.
Identify problems in the area of ​​improvement of Kuznetsky
district of Novokuznetsk.
5.
Find solutions to identified problems.
4

Regulatory framework

REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Federal Law No. 131 of October 6, 2013 Federal Law “On General
principles
organizations
local
self-government
V
Russian Federation".
Federal
law
№
52
–
Federal Law
"ABOUT
sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population."
Federal Law No. - Federal Law “On Environmental Protection”.
Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation.
Forest Code of the Russian Federation.
Land Code of the Russian Federation.
Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation.
Decree and order of the Government of the Russian Federation
Federation.
Resolution of the head of the city administration.
Charter of the city district.
5

IN
Kuznetsky
area
cities
Novokuznetsk
responsible body for the improvement of the area
is the department of housing and communal services and
improvement of the Kuznetsk district administration
city ​​of Novokuznetsk
6

At the end of 2015, the following events were carried out in the Kuznetsk region:

AT THE RESULTS OF 2015, THERE WERE IN THE KUZNETSKY DISTRICT
THE FOLLOWING EVENTS WERE HELD:
183 trees and 20 shrubs were planted;
290 emergency trees were demolished;
Drainage ditches and culverts were cleaned in the village of Forshtadt and the village.
Low-rise;
Pothole repairs of roads were completed in the amount of 6800 m2, crack repairs were completed in the amount of 4850 m2;
Reconstruction of street lighting along the street was completed. Obnorsky
construction of lighting of the pedestrian path from the street was completed.
st. Narodnaya along the former SGPTU No. 52;
The road on the street was repaired. Obnorsky
Repair of railings and installation of curbs on the road were completed
bridge along the street Odessa;
work on routine maintenance of roads and green spaces was completed
district, cleaning ditches along the street. Petrakova and Shunkova.
Obnorsky to
7

Problems in the field of improvement in the Kuznetsk region

PROBLEMS IN THE SPHERE OF IMPROVEMENT
IN KUZNETSKY DISTRICT
1.
Lack of structure based on the administration
Kuznetsk district of Novokuznetsk, allowing
participate
residents
directed
programs
district
organizations
By
And
V
socially
development
reconstruction
And
improvement of the Kuznetsk region.
2.
Lack of favorable recreation area within
Kuznetsk district.
3.
Unsatisfactory
state
canvases of the Kuznetsk region.
road
8

Main events

MAIN EVENTS
Creation
Resource
center
public
associations of the Kuznetsk region.
The main goal of creating and developing the Resource Center
public initiatives - implementation of a unified
district policy in unification and provision
resources of public organizations and the population
Kuznetsk district.
9

Main events

MAIN EVENTS
Creation
organizations
bases
And
data
proactive
public
groups
citizens,
those wishing to create public organizations, and
also databases of media operating in the area.
10

Thanks to
creation
improvement
Novokuznetsk
resource
Kuznetsky
will
center,
district
be planned
cities
based on
from
wishes of the residents of the area themselves, which will lead to
increasing citizen satisfaction and positively
will affect
on
work
organs
local
self-government in the field of improvement.
11

As a result of the activities of the resource center,
will
developed
And
accepted
project
By
restoration and improvement of the park named after
F. M. Dostoevsky.
On the basis of the resource center will be announced
competition for the best park layout, residents of the area
will be able
vote
on
open
exhibition
layouts and ultimately choose the winner.
The purpose of the competition is universal choice
ideas for reconstruction and improvement of the square,
located
between
Soviet Square.
cinema
Flame
And
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Competition objectives:

OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPETITION:
creation of a project for the improvement and reconstruction of the square, with the development
methodological
recommendations
By
selection
species
plants,
meeting the requirements for urban plantings;
identifying the best project option, which will be taken as a basis for
reconstruction and improvement of the square;
activating the creative potential of residents of the Kuznetsk region;
establishing joint activities of social organizations and
residents of the area, in order to solve problems of protecting natural complexes
Kuznetsk district and the city of Novokuznetsk as a whole;
attracting the attention of government bodies and the general public to
issues of reconstruction and improvement of public gardens and parks in the area.
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Evaluation criteria:

EVALUATION CRITERIA:
economic
expediency
project,
reality
his
incarnations;
taking into account the biology of plant species when placing them in
groups (soil requirements, humidity, diameter ratio
crowns, group tier);
balance and harmony of the overall layout of the park;
external attractiveness of individual groups of plants and everything
the square as a whole;
compliance of the park layout with the terrain;
competent graphic implementation of the project, its compliance
terms of the competition.
14

Expected effect

EXPECTED EFFECT
the work of the resource center will facilitate activities
municipal authority of the Kuznetsk region;
Residents of the area will be able to independently monitor
landscaping
own
district
And
plan reconstruction activities and
improvement of the area.
increasing the level of interest of residents in
issues of improvement of your area;

Barinova Irina
Presentation “Improvement of the territory of the kindergarten”

The first thing parents see when they enter the gate is territory. Kindergarten area- This is a kind of calling card of the institution. In our children's This garden receives a lot of attention. In winter, teachers and managers think through the design of flower beds and playgrounds, prepare the necessary material and seedlings. With the onset of warm weather, work begins to boil landscaping. Every year everyone is delighted by lush flower beds and flower beds.

But we care not only about beauty and aesthetics. The main thing is to improve the health of children in the summer. To achieve this, through the efforts of employees kindergarten was created in 2011

eco-health center "The Kingdom of Health!" The play areas of the center are updated annually. The objectives of this center is: maintaining and strengthening children's health,

increasing the physical activity of children, introducing a healthy lifestyle,

improving the emotional and psychological state of children and fostering an environmental culture. I bring to your attention a creative presentation.

Publications on the topic:

It is not for nothing that kindergarten is called the second home for preschool children. Here kids spend most of their day, here they develop, communicate,...

Targeted walks on the territory of the kindergarten. "Ecological trail" in GBDOU No. 32. Topic: “Visiting the larch tree!” Purpose: - To introduce children.

When entering the kindergarten you are greeted by the good-natured Dunno, made by the family of Ilya Mamsin. We made it from an old children's umbrella.

Flowers always delight the eye, and beautifully decorated flower beds enchant. Flower beds can be used as a teaching and visual aid. Children.

Educational path on the territory of the kindergarten Preschool childhood is a unique period in a person’s life when health is formed and personality develops. Therefore, an important pedagogical task.

We live on planet earth. The nature of the Earth is an interesting, complex and amazing world. 2017 has been declared the year of ecology and so is our kindergarten.

“We ourselves create the world around us.” It depends on how rich, interesting, attractive and educational the child’s environment is.

Project to improve the territory of the kindergarten “Rainbow Walk” Project “Rainbow Walk” Relevance: After three years of major renovation of the kindergarten site, the need arose to create favorable ones.

Improvement of the territory of MBOU 105; - improving the culture of landscaping on the school grounds; - implementation of the tasks of environmental education of children. - improvement of the territory of MBOU 105; - improving the culture of landscaping on the school grounds; - implementation of the tasks of environmental education of children. Director, school staff 105 Parents, and children Director, school staff 105 Parents, and children

The territory of MBOU 105 is an integral part of the green fund of the city of Chelyabinsk, participates in the formation of the cultural image of the city, and has sanitary, hygienic, landscape, architectural and educational significance. In connection with the construction of a kindergarten building on the school grounds and the laying of communications, the flower beds were reorganized. Shrubs and perennial herbaceous plants were partially removed. In 2015, it is necessary, if possible, to restore the flower beds of the school site, so work has been carried out since early spring.

A work plan was drawn up, the flower beds were distributed between classes. Each class proposed a plan for landscaping its flowerbed; the plans were adjusted by those responsible for landscaping the school grounds. My parents provided a lot of help with seedlings of flower crops. Using imagination and creativity, project participants achieved positive results in landscaping and landscaping the school grounds. Decorating the yard is everyone’s concern; it gives joy, pleasure and respect to others.

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An ecological trail on the territory of MBOU 105 will help school students and kindergarten students understand the great ordinariness of nature, which is invisible in the bustle of the city. Brief description of the route: “Glade of Health” (medicinal plants). “The World of Fragrant Plants” (essential oils). "Flowers and insects" (entomophilous). "Plants-symbols". “Clock plants” (plants that tell the time) “Barometer plants” (weather tellers). "Favorite flowers". Purpose of the trail: education, training, education on environmental issues